Prenatal care is medical care and monitoring provided to the pregnant woman during pregnancy. The aim of prenatal care is to ensure the health and well-being of both mother and fetus by monitoring the pregnancy, identifying risk factors, and providing education and treatment if necessary.

Key Components of Prenatal Care:

1. Initial Consultation and Health History:

   • During the first visit, your OB/GYN will take a detailed health history, including information about your menstrual cycle, any previous pregnancies, and any chronic conditions or medications.
   • The doctor will also calculate your due date and discuss lifestyle habits, such as diet, exercise, and prenatal vitamins.

2. Regular Checkups:

   • Prenatal visits are scheduled every 4 weeks during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy, every 2 weeks from 28 to 36 weeks, and weekly from 36 weeks until delivery.
   • Each checkup typically includes:
     
     • Measuring the size of the belly and growth of the baby.
     • Checking the baby’s heart rate with a Doppler device.
     • Monitoring the mother’s blood pressure and weight.
     • Urine tests for protein, glucose, and infection.
     • Blood tests to check for anemia, blood type, and screening for diseases like HIV and syphilis.

3. Ultrasound and Imaging:

   • Ultrasound scans are performed at various points during pregnancy to monitor fetal growth and check for any abnormalities.
   • The first ultrasound typically happens between 8-12 weeks to confirm pregnancy and calculate the due date.
   • Additional ultrasounds may be scheduled in later stages to assess fetal position, amniotic fluid levels, and placental health.

4. Screenings and Tests:

   • Genetic Screening: Tests to screen for chromosomal conditions, such as Down syndrome and other birth defects. These can be done through blood tests or non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).
   • Glucose Testing: At around 24-28 weeks, a glucose tolerance test is done to screen for gestational diabetes.
   • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Test: A test done between 35-37 weeks to check for a bacterial infection that could affect the baby during delivery.
   • Chronic Condition Monitoring: Monitoring for conditions such as high blood pressure, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes that could affect both the mother and baby.

5. Nutrition and Lifestyle Guidance:

   • Your OB/GYN will provide advice on maintaining a balanced diet, taking prenatal vitamins (especially folic acid), and avoiding harmful substances like alcohol, smoking, and certain medications.
   • Exercise and managing weight gain will also be discussed.